Immediately following Poe's death, his literary rival Rufus Wilmot Griswold published a highly critical and largely false obituary under the pseudonym "Ludwig" in the New York Tribune on the day Poe was buried in Baltimore. The obituary, which was widely circulated, began with the stark declaration: "Edgar Allan Poe is dead. He died in Baltimore the day before yesterday. This announcement will startle many, but few will be grieved by it." Griswold, later identified as the author, continued to defame Poe's character in a biographical article published in an 1850 volume of Poe's collected works.